The paper reports on theoretical study to elucidate the influence of geometric (width) and mechanical characteristics of phase interfaces on strength, ultimate strain, and fracture energy of metal ceramic composites. The study was performed by computer simulation with the movable cellular automaton method and a well-developed mesoscale structural composite model that takes explicit account of wide transition zones between reinforcing inclusions and the matrix. It is shown that the formation of relatively wide “ceramic inclusions-binder” interfaces with gradual variation in mechanical properties allows a considerable increase in the mechanical properties of the composite. Of great significance is not only the interface width but also the gradient of mechanical properties in the transition zone. The presence of defects and inclusions of nano- and atomic scales in interface regions can increase internal stresses in these regions, induce a steep gradient of mechanical properties in them, and hence decrease strain characteristics and fracture energy of the composite.

Изложены основы современной физики плазмы. Охвачен широкий диапазон условий, в том числе слабо- и сильноионизованная плазма, плазма при отсутствии магнитного поля и при существенном его влиянии. Наряду с подробным количественным анализом процессов, определяющих поведение плазмы, дано качественное обсуждение физической картины этих процессов.Книга предназначена для студентов, аспирантов, инженеров и научных работников, интересующихся физикой плазмы и ее приложениями.